A Study of Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnONPs) on Multiple Antibiotic-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Induced Inflammatory Rat Model

Abstract

Conventional treatment strategies involving antibiotics are gaining accelerated challenges as a result of increasing antibiotic resistance by pathogenic microorganisms. A significant quantity of therapeutic research had been focused on implementing green synthesized nanoparticles. In this study, the green synthesis method has been used to prepare ZnONPs from leaf extract of coriander. The green synthesized and chemically synthesized commercially available ZnONPs showed almost no variation concerning their size and morphology when characterized by methods like XRD, DLS, etc. Comparison of antibacterial potential among both types of ZnONPs, used against strains of (Control and Clinical) reveals, lower MIC and MBC of green ZnONPs were required to generate the same quality of bactericidal effect as achieved by using the commercial one. This signifies that, apart from easy synthesis procedure, lower doses are enough to generate the desired anti-bacterial efficacy. After inducing septic arthritis by clinical strain (KC-02) of S. aureus, both ZnONPs (chemical and green) were capable of lowering the increased serum level of inflammatory markers, without producing the measurable amount of serum oxidative stress. The combination of ZnONPs (both chemical and green) and antibiotics shows excellent antibacterial and anti-inflammatory potential. The part of this study involving the in-vivo model indicates that both the ZnONPs when used in the mentioned concentration alone and also in combination with an antibiotic, are incapable of precipitating histological changes in selected organs like the liver, kidney, spleen, and adrenal gland. Therefore, the use of ZnONPs, a preferably green one for treating inflammatory diseases like septic arthritis, could be a better choice over conventional antibiotic therapy.